Biography of A. Philip Randolph, Civil Rights Activist

Asa Philip Randolph was born April 15, 1889, in Crescent City, Florida, and died May 16, 1979, in New York City. He was a civil rights and labor activist, known for his role in organizing the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and for heading the March on Washington. He also influenced Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry Truman to issue executive orders that banned discrimination and segregation in the defense industry and the armed forces, respectively. A. Philip Randolph Full Name: Asa Philip RandolphOccupation: Labor movement leader, civil rights activistBorn: April 15, 1889 in Crescent City, FloridaDied: May 16, 1979 in New York CityParents:  Rev. James William Randolph and Elizabeth Robinson RandolphEducation: Cookman InstituteSpouse: Lucille Campbell Green RandolphKey Accomplishments: Organizer of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, chair of the March on Washington, recipient of the Presidential Medal of FreedomFamous Quote: â€Å"Freedom is never granted; it is won. Justice is never given; it is exacted.† Early Years A. Philip Randolph was born in Crescent City, Florida, but grew up in Jacksonville. His father,  the Rev. James William Randolph, was a tailor and minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Church; his mother, Elizabeth Robinson Randolph, was a seamstress. Randolph also had an older brother named James. Randolph likely inherited his activist streak from his parents, who taught him the importance of personal character, education, and standing up for oneself. He never forgot the night that his parents both armed themselves when a mob set out to lynch a man at the county jail. With a pistol beneath his coat, his father went to the jail to break up the mob. Meanwhile, Elizabeth Randolph stood watch at home with a shotgun. President of the Brotherhood A. Philip Randolph, sitting at his desk. Rex Hardy Jr. / Getty Images   This was not the only way his mother and father influenced him. Knowing that his parents valued education, Randolph excelled in school, as did his brother. They went to the Jacksonville area’s only school for black students at that time, the Cookman Institute. In 1907, he graduated as valedictorian of his class. An Activist in New York Four years after high school, Randolph moved to New York City with the hope of becoming an actor, but he gave up on his dream because his parents disapproved. Inspired by W.E.B. DuBois’ book â€Å"The Souls of Black Folk,† which explored African American identity, Randolph began to focus on sociopolitical issues. He also concentrated on his personal life, marrying a wealthy widow named Lucille Campbell Green in 1914. She was a businesswoman and a socialist, and she was able to provide financial support for her husband’s activism, including his oversight of a magazine called The Messenger. The publication had a socialist bent, and Columbia University student Chandler Owen ran it with Randolph. Both men were opposed to World War I and were monitored by the authorities for speaking out against the international conflict, which the United States became involved in during 1917. The war ended the following year, and Randolph pursued other forms of activism. Members of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, the first successful African-American Labor Union, proudly display their banner at a 1955 ceremony celebrating the organizations 30th anniversary. Asa Philip Randolph (1889-1979), Union president, seen wearing black and white shoes, holds up Brotherhood flag.   Bettmann  /  Contributor Starting In 1925, Randolph spent a decade fighting for the unionization of the Pullman porters, the black men who worked as baggage handlers and wait staff in the sleeping cars of trains. Randolph not only knew a great deal about unions, but he also did not work for the Pullman Company, which manufactured most of the railroad cars in the US during the first half of the 1900s. Since he did not have to fear that Pullman would retaliate against him for organizing, the porters thought he’d be a suitable representative for them. In 1935, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters finally formed, a huge victory. No African American labor union had been organized before. Taking on the White House Randolph parlayed his success with the Pullman porters into advocacy work for black workers at the federal level. As World War II unfolded, President Franklin Roosevelt would not give an executive order to prohibit racial discrimination in the defense industry. This meant that African American employees in this sector could be excluded from jobs based on race or paid unfairly. So, Randolph asked African Americans to march in Washington, D.C, to protest the president’s inaction against discrimination. Tens of thousands of black people were prepared to take to the streets of the nation’s capital until the president changed his mind. This forced  Roosevelt to take action, which he did by signing an executive order on June 25, 1941. Roosevelt also established the Fair Employment Practices Commission to see his order through. Additionally, Randolph played a key role in getting President Harry Truman to sign the Selective Service Act of 1947. This legislation outlawed racial segregation in the armed forces. During this time, black men and white men served in different units, and the former often were placed in high-risk situations without the proper resources to defend themselves. Desegregating the military was the key to giving black servicemen more opportunity and safety. US President Dwight Eisenhower (1890 - 1965) meets with Civil Rights leaders at the White House to discuss desegregation, Washington DC, June 23, 1958.   Abbie Rowe / Getty Images If President Truman had not signed the act, Randolph was ready to get men of all races to take part in mass nonviolent civil disobedience. It helped that Truman was counting on the black vote to win his reelection bid and knew that alienating African Americans would put his campaign at risk. This prompted him to sign the desegregation order. During the following decade, Randolph continued his activism. The new labor organization the AFL-CIO chose him as vice president in 1955. In this capacity, he continued to advocate for black workers, striving to desegregate labor unions, which had historically excluded African Americans. And in 1960, Randolph founded an organization exclusively focused on black workers’ rights. It was called the Negro American Labor Council, and he served as its president for six years. The March on Washington Mahatma Gandhi often gets the credit for influencing the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. and other civil rights leaders to take a nonviolent approach to activism, but A. Philip Randolph was an inspiration to civil rights activists, too. Without using violence, he’d ushered in the formation of the first major black labor union and influenced two different presidents to sign executive orders to ban racial discrimination. Knowing how effective Randolph had been, the new crop of black activists followed his example. August 1963: More than 200,000 protesters gather to demand equal rights for black Americans on Constitution Avenue in Washington, DC. Among them are Martin Luther King Jr. (1929 - 1968) (4th L), A. Philip Randolph (2nd R) as well as Roy Wilkins, Whitney Young and Rabbi Joachim Prinz.   MPI / Getty Images When they called for 1963’s March on Washington, the biggest civil rights demonstration in the history of the United States, they appointed Randolph as chair of the event. There, an estimated 250,000 people turned out to march for jobs and freedom for African Americans, and witnessed King give his I Have a Dream speech, arguably his most memorable. Later Years While 1963 was certainly a standout year for Randolph because of the March on Washington’s success, it was also a tragic one. His wife, Lucille, died that year. The couple had no children. 1964 Wahington, DC: President Johnson presents A. Philp Randolph with the presidential Medal of Freedom. Bettmann  Ã‚  /  Contributor In 1964, Randolph turned 75 years old, but he continued being singled out for his advocacy work on behalf of African Americans. That year, President Lyndon Johnson honored him with the  Presidential Medal of Freedom. And in 1968, Randolph presided over the new A. Philip Randolph Institute, which works to garner African American support of trade unions. During this time, Randolph kept his position on the AFL-CIO Executive Council, leaving the role in 1974. A. Philip Randolph died on May 16, 1979, in New York City. He was 90 years old. Sources â€Å"A. Philip Randolph.† AFL-CIO.â€Å"Hall of Honor Inductee: A. Philip Randolph.† US Department of Labor.

Theory Z - 1794 Words

Theory Z Theory Z is a name applied to three distinctly different psychological theories. One was developed by Abraham H. Maslow in his paper Theory Z and the other is Dr. William Ouchi s so-called Japanese Management style popularized during the Asian economic boom of the 1980s. The third was developed by W. J. Reddin in Managerial Effectiveness (19 Situation guides) man: * Reason motivates him. * Interdependence is man s primary mode of discourse. * Interaction is man s social unit of importance. Objective best and succinctly describes man s concept of man. McGregor s Theory Y in contrast to Theory X, which stated that workers inherently dislike and avoid work and must be driven to it, and Theory Y, which†¦show more content†¦The word Wa in Japanese can be applied to Theory Z because they both deal with promoting partnerships and group work. The word Wa means a perfect circle or harmony, which influences Japanese society to always be in teams and to come to a solution together. Promoting Theory Z and the Japanese word Wa is how the Japanese economy became so powerful. And also because the Japanese show a high level enthusiasm to work,some of the researchers claim that Z in the theory Z stands for Zeal . Ouchi wrote a book called Theory Z How American Business Can Meet the Japanese Challenge (1981), in this book; Ouchi shows how American corporations can meet the Japanese challenges with a highly effective management style that promises to transform business in the 1980’s. The secret to Japanese success, according to Ouchi, is not technology, but a special way of managing people. â€Å"This is a managing style that focuses on a strong company philosophy, a distinct corporate culture, long-range staff development, and consensus decision-making†(Ouchi, 1981). Ouchi shows that the results show lower turn-over, increased job commitment, and dramatically higher productivity. William Ouchi doesn’t say that the Japanese culture for business is necessarily the best strategy for the American companies but he takes Japanese business techniques and adapts them to the American corporate environment. Much like McGregor s theories, Ouchi s Theory Z makes certain assumptions aboutShow MoreRelatedEssay about Theory Z2483 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Theory Z: The In-Between and Grey Area Name Here Indiana University – Purdue University Fort Wayne 3/24/2013 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to discuss the popular Theory X and Theory Y made famous by Douglas McGregor in the 1960’s which offers a very â€Å"hard† and â€Å"soft† view of leadership and addresses the grey area that is not addressed in his theory. 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Existing Good or Service Business Proposal Free Essays

Existing Good or Service Business Proposal T. J. ‘s Corporation Business Plan Tresa Milton ECO 561 March 25, 2013 Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Existing Good or Service Business Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Guthlac Kirk Anyalezu T. J’s Corporation Business Plan T. J. ’s Corporation Business Plan In today society the development of technology, which are items that individual normally use being transferred into a different era. These are the items which, individual’s use every day newspapers, magazines, and now books has been supplementary to the technology world in the form of Kindle, Nook, eBook, or on CD’s. T. J. s Corporation will produce a technology which, will take a book, which the corporation can use and scan it into an eBook along with an accurate synthetic voice for individuals to listen. However, T. J. ’s Corporation will show how the revenue will increase, determine the profit-maximizing quantity, and marginal revenue to maximize profit. Also T. J. ’s Corporation will analyze mix of pricing and non-pricing. T. J. ’s Corporation will be looking for a location to work on the proposal and have the supplementary employee’s to help with transference of books to the digital format. T. J. s is currently working out of a small building and with the new proposal needs something bigger. Working in a small building puts the employees in the situation where he or she is working with little run to work. With the new location it will allow T. J. ’s Corporation to work on the new design and have the consumer’s product out faster. Assumptions and Market Structure Although other corporation have books out in eBook, the books are merely only accessible in the merchandise provided by that company. T. J. ’s Corporation merchandise consumers will have the option of reading the book quite or read along with the digital sound track. Since, T. J. ’s owns a patent on their technology their company is considered monopoly, because T. J. ’s is permitted the only business that is selling this type of merchandise (McConnell, Brue, ; Flynn, 2013). Also there is an assumption that any employee which will be working in a month is about $300 based on sales. T. J. ’s Corporation has to generate another digitizer for their workers to have so more books can be downloaded quicker. Growth of Revenues TJ’s Corporation requires an improved marketing strategy for their digitized books this approach will allow sales to increase. If T. J. ’s changes the prices of their books their revenue will also increase. T. J. ’s Corporation is using a small website and on the sight the prices are as follow: $10 for books with failed copyright (old books), and $15 for books containing an copyright (new books). T. J. ’s Corporation sold 1,000 old books and 2,000 new books in the first six months. T. J. ’s did some research, found the new books could be brought for $5 charge and CD are $20 (R. L. Copple, 2013). With this information the company can rise their new books price to $18 to add a $3 profit and lower their older books to $7. The change in price could actually help boost the sales of the books because the older books are at a lower price which could increase revenues and the increase in price on the newer books will increase the profit. In addition, if Bury were to market his books to high school and college students there could be an increase of revenue. Bury would need to add text books to the books being digitized but if students have the option of listening to someone read the books the information might be easier for them to understand. The pricing on the books would have to be increased because of the actual price of the textbook and a higher copyright fee. The addition of the books would help to increase revenue and bring more traffic to his site for the other books. Profit maximizing Will Bury would need to look at his fixed costs (those costs that do not change the output) and the variable costs (costs that do change based on the level of output). Bury’s variable costs are the five dollars for the copyrighted books that will help to expand his catalog and the costs associated with his website. This can be in the form of number of transactions or purchases and the fees associated from them. In addition, Bury will need to hire an assistant and the $40,000 that he pays will include taxes and benefits, the purchase of $14,000 in computer equipment to advance his technology, and $6,000 in advertising. This would be $60,000 a year or about $7,000 a month of fixed costs. Marginal costs and marginal revenue If there is an increase in output there will always be a raise in profit as long as marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost. There will always be a need for books to be digitized so there will always be one more unit of good to be produced and sold. There will always be new books being written and this means that there will be a constant need for books to be digitized. There will be many choices for customers especially when new books are released. Pricing and non pricing There are many types of pricing that Bury could use and needs to take a look at all to see what would fit his business. Bury could offer single or multi unit pricing, quantity discounts, and any specials or discounts that he feels he could offer during holidays. Bury could offer promotional discounts as a way to increase revenue and bring in more customers. If Bury was to look at when book fairs or sales occur he could set up a table with information and computers for customers to purchase or look at his database. With non pricing the strategy is to make the price less of a factor with customer purchase and make product difference a greater factor (McConnell, Brue, Flynn, 2009). Marketing research, new product development, and advertisement could be considered non pricing competition because Bury is trying to find ways to increase his sales. Barriers to entry Since, Bury’s business is considered a monopoly and is the only one with the technology then there should be no barriers. A barrier occurs when there are other companies that exist in the marketplace and have established patents that will make it difficult for the product being copied (McConnell, Brue, ; Flynn, 2009). Since, Bury does have a patent that means that he will out skill his competitors and with his new technology he will dominate his industry. With these barriers there could be a problem at the beginning but once the company is establish Bury wont have any problems. Product Differentiation Will Bury’s product is very different from what is out in the market because it is a digital and voice synthesized is more convenient than eBooks or books and CD’s. With his product he offers customers a more convenient way to listen and read books in one place. In addition, for those avid readers the introduction of eBooks will allow for multiple books to be housed in one location. Minimized costs Mr. Bury will need to find ways to minimize his costs so he can increase his revenues. At the present time Mr. Bury will not be able to hire a full time assistant but once he has an established revenue then he can hire a full time assistant. Another way to save money would be to have his children or wife help with digitizing the book. In addition, if Bury was willing to train and work with high school and college students he can have multiple people to work part time and can have the books digitized faster. This means that he can increase his catalog of books fast and he will be able to offer more books for his customers. Conclusion At present, Mr. Bury has many options available to him that he can implement to have a successful business. The main item that he has to consider is the price, cost, and the manufacture level for creating the digital books. Mr. Bury has done a great job of identifying the costs associated with copyrighted material and the price that he would want to sell his books. One item that he would want to consider is the fact that he could change the price of the old and new books to increase his revenue and he can look to see if could lower the price that he pays for the royalty of the book. Currently the market is small and with Mr. Bury being a monopoly with his patented technology, he can really expand his market. The one item the Mr. Bury has to watch is the economy and has to remember that he has to stay on top of the competition. References Copple, R. 2012). How do ebooks cost. Retrieved from http://graspingforthewind. com McConnell, C. R. , Brue, L. S. , ; Flynn, S. M. (2009). Economics: Principles, Problems, and Policies (18th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Company. New Good or service business proposal  This assignment focuses on introduction of a new product in the existent line of business and explain s the method for development of goods for generating more revenue. The concepts of elasticity of demands, market structures in addition to profit maxi maximizing techniques are also discussed which are helpful for the good and also to counter the barriers How to cite Existing Good or Service Business Proposal, Papers

Ge Imagination Breakthrough free essay sample

Can he hope to change a company whose growth was driven by acquisitions and productivity improvement into an organic growth company dependent on innovation, entrepreneurship and risk taking particularly in such a large complex performance driven corporation? Answer: 2a: Yes, Immelt is relying on ‘technological leadership, commercial excellence and global expansion’ to provide â€Å"unstoppable† opportunities and expand GE’s business base. He wanted to use GE’s size and diversity as sources of strength and to drive growth by investing in places and in ways that others could not easily follow. As a counter effect of 1st Jan 2005 deadline for emission regulations it was predicted that there would be a spike in demand for old products, leaving little market for EVO in 2005. These old models were in ready inventory and with much better discounts. 3c: Continual redefinition of the global EVO product and the failure to make hybrid commercially viable * Initially GE decided to develop EVO country specific during IB meeting but it was not viable because of low requirements. We will write a custom essay sample on Ge Imagination Breakthrough or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page * Recognizing the international constraints the EVO was also developed as a product concept ‘Global Modular Locomotive’. Design developed around set of standard components that could be building to different requirements. * GML also helped GE in reducing the response time in international tender processing, reducing the amount spent in non recurring engineering, and reducing the time between order amp; the sale. * GE was also adaptable to specific international requirements such as Kazakhstan’s condition to transfer the assembly operations to their country. This was a part of GE’s international strategy â€Å"In country, for country†.